tag:epoch-arc.com,2026:rssEpochArc · AI TimelineCurated AI milestones from 1950 to the present, with impact analysis and evidence.2026-07-16T00:00:00ZEpochArchttps://epoch-arc.comEpochArc build_feed.pyCC BY 4.0tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-16:events/kimi-k3-20262026-07-16T00:00:00Z2026-07-16T00:00:00ZMoonshot AI announces Kimi K3, a 2.8-trillion-parameter open-weight modelKimi K3 (Jul 2026) — Moonshot AI's 2.8-trillion-parameter MoE model with a 1M-token context window, native vision, and Kimi Delta Attention. Service access began at launch; full open weights were scheduled for July 27.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-15:events/thinking-machines-inkling-20262026-07-15T00:00:00Z2026-07-15T00:00:00ZMira Murati's Thinking Machines Lab releases Inkling, its first AI model — a 975B open-weights multimodal modelThinking Machines Lab, the AI startup founded by former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati, released its first model Inkling on July 15, 2026. The 975B-parameter open-weights MoE model (41B active) accepts text, image, and audio inputs, with a 1M-token context window. Valued at $12B, the company positions Inkling as a customizable enterprise alternative to rented frontier APIs.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-10:events/doubao-ai-companion-shutdown-20262026-07-10T00:00:00Z2026-07-10T00:00:00ZChina AI Companion Regulation Forces Doubao and Qwen to Shut Down Agent FunctionsNew Chinese AI companion regulations forced ByteDance's Doubao (345M users) and Alibaba's Qwen to disable their humanlike AI agent functions by July 15, 2026, targeting sustained emotional interaction services.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-09:events/ai-model-price-war-20262026-07-09T00:00:00Z2026-07-09T00:00:00ZFrontier AI model prices collapse 5-10x as OpenAI, Meta, and xAI launch competing low-cost models in a single weekAI Model Price War (Jul 2026) — Within a single week, xAI's Grok 4.5 at $2/$6, Meta's Muse Spark 1.1 at $1.25/$4.25, and OpenAI's GPT-5.6 Luna drove frontier output token pricing from $25-50 down to $4-6 per million tokens. A 5-10x collapse in AI inference costs that reshaped industry economics.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-08:events/gpt-5-6-broad-launch-20262026-07-08T00:00:00Z2026-07-08T00:00:00ZUS Commerce Dept Approves Broad Launch of GPT-5.6 After Government Security ReviewThe U.S. Department of Commerce approved OpenAI's GPT-5.6 for broad release on July 8, 2026, after additional testing under the new frontier AI oversight framework — ending the restricted-access period that began June 26.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-06:events/fable-5-kernelbench-20262026-07-06T00:00:00Z2026-07-06T00:00:00ZClaude Fable 5 Writes the First AI-Authored CUDA Megakernel, Sparking RSI DebateAnthropic's Fable 5 autonomously wrote the fastest GPU kernel in KernelBench-Mega history — 18.71x speedup, single kernel launch — in 2.5 hours. Jack Clark declared this the start of a recursive self-improvement loop.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-06:events/illinois-ai-safety-law-20262026-07-06T00:00:00Z2026-07-06T00:00:00ZIllinois Becomes First US State to Mandate Independent Third-Party AI Safety AuditsIllinois Gov. JB Pritzker signed the nation's first law requiring independent third-party safety audits for large AI developers, with fines up to $3M for violations.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-01:events/netflix-gene-wilder-ai-20262026-07-01T00:00:00Z2026-07-01T00:00:00ZNetflix Uses AI to Recreate Gene Wilder's Voice for Willy Wonka Reality ShowNetflix partnered with ElevenLabs to recreate Gene Wilder’s voice for ‘Wonka’s The Golden Ticket’ reality series, sparking backlash over AI resurrection of deceased celebrities.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-07-01:events/rli-ai-automation-20262026-07-01T00:00:00Z2026-07-01T00:00:00ZAI Success Rate on Online Freelance Work Rises from 2.5% to 15.8% in 8 Months — CAIS Remote Labor IndexThe Remote Labor Index reports AI systems rising from 2.5% to 15.8% success on a selected set of economically valuable online tasks in under 8 months. Fable 5 leads at 15.8%, Opus 4.8 at 8.3%.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-30:events/claude-fable-ban-lift-20262026-06-30T00:00:00Z2026-06-30T00:00:00ZUS Lifts Export Ban on Anthropic's Fable 5 and Mythos 5 After 18 DaysThe US government lifted export controls on Anthropic’s Fable 5 and Mythos 5 on June 30, 2026, ending an 18-day global access ban. The first reversal of an AI export control order.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-30:events/claude-sonnet-5-launch-20262026-06-30T00:00:00Z2026-06-30T00:00:00ZAnthropic Launches Claude Sonnet 5 as New Default ModelAnthropic launched Claude Sonnet 5 on June 30, 2026 — the most agentic Sonnet ever, offering near-Opus performance at lower cost. Became the default model for all Claude users.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-26:events/gpt-5-6-limited-release-20262026-06-26T00:00:00Z2026-06-26T00:00:00ZOpenAI Releases GPT-5.6 Sol/Terra/Luna Under Government-Restricted AccessOpenAI released GPT-5.6 Sol, Terra, and Luna on June 26, 2026, but restricted access to ~20 government-approved partners at the White House’s request — the first model shipped under the new frontier AI review framework.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-24:events/anthropic-alibaba-extraction-20262026-06-24T00:00:00Z2026-06-24T00:00:00ZAnthropic Accuses Alibaba of Largest-Ever AI Model Extraction AttemptAnthropic accused Alibaba of the largest AI model theft in history in 2026. How intellectual property disputes escalated between US and Chinese AI companies to new heights.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-24:events/openai-jalapeno-chip-20262026-06-24T00:00:00Z2026-06-24T00:00:00ZOpenAI Unveils Jalapeño, Its First Custom AI Inference ChipOpenAI released its first self-designed AI inference chip, Jalapeño, in 2026. How AI labs are building their own silicon to reduce dependence on NVIDIA and cut costs.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-16:events/spacex-xai-cursor-20262026-06-16T00:00:00Z2026-06-16T00:00:00ZSpaceX agrees to acquire Cursor for $60 billionSpaceX agreed to acquire AI coding startup Cursor for $60 billion in stock, extending its consolidated technology stack into developer tools.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-13:events/glm-52-open-source-20262026-06-13T00:00:00Z2026-06-13T00:00:00ZGLM-5.2 Open Source: Chinese AI Model Matches Frontier Closed-Source PerformanceGLM-5.2 open-sourced in 2026 — a Chinese AI model that caught up to proprietary frontier levels. How China’s open-source AI ecosystem reached parity with Western labs.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-12:events/claude-fable-ban-20262026-06-12T00:00:00Z2026-06-12T00:00:00ZUS Government Orders Export Ban on Anthropic's Fable 5 and Mythos 5 AI ModelsUS government banned Anthropic’s Fable 5 and Mythos 5 models globally in 2026 — the first export control action against AI models. How safety concerns triggered unprecedented regulation.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-08:events/apple-siri-ai-wwdc-20262026-06-08T00:00:00Z2026-06-08T00:00:00ZApple unveils Siri AI at WWDC 2026 — the 15-year-old assistant finally gets a real AI brainApple gave Siri a real AI brain at WWDC 2026 — 15 years after the original launch. How Apple Intelligence finally transformed Siri from a joke into a capable AI assistant.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-06-01:events/florida-sues-openai-20262026-06-01T00:00:00Z2026-06-01T00:00:00ZFlorida sues OpenAI and Sam Altman in first US state lawsuit against an AI company over safetyFlorida sued OpenAI and Sam Altman in 2026 — the first US state-level lawsuit against an AI company over safety. How legal accountability for AI harm reached a new frontier.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-05-19:events/ai-layoffs-wave-20262026-05-19T00:00:00Z2026-05-19T00:00:00ZAI-driven job displacement becomes empirically measurable as 92,000 tech workers laid off in first half of 2026AI-driven job displacement became measurably real: 92,000 tech workers laid off in H1 2026. How AI replaced roles across customer service, coding, translation, and design.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-05-07:events/eu-ai-act-simplification-20262026-05-07T00:00:00Z2026-05-07T00:00:00ZEU reaches agreement to simplify AI rules, responding to industry compliance complaintsEU agreed to simplify AI rules in 2026, responding to industry compliance burden complaints. How the world’s first AI regulation evolved to balance innovation and safety.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-04-26:events/sora-shutdown-20262026-04-26T00:00:00Z2026-04-26T00:00:00ZOpenAI discontinues Sora, marking the first major product shutdown by a frontier AI labOpenAI shut down Sora in 2026 — the first time a frontier AI lab killed a major product. How the text-to-video pioneer failed to find product-market fit despite massive hype.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-04-24:events/deepseek-v4-20262026-04-24T00:00:00Z2026-04-24T00:00:00ZDeepSeek releases V4, an open-weight 1.6 trillion parameter model that undercuts all competitors on priceDeepSeek V4 (2026) — a 1.6 trillion parameter open-weight model priced below all competitors. How China’s AI lab continued to challenge the frontier with cost-efficient open models.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-03-31:events/claude-code-leak-20262026-03-31T00:00:00Z2026-03-31T00:00:00ZClaude Code source code leaks via npm, exposing secret agent features and raising supply chain concernsClaude Code source code leaked via npm in 2026, exposing secret agent features and raising AI supply chain security concerns. How a leak revealed what AI coding tools can really do.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-02-02:events/spacex-xai-merger-20262026-02-02T00:00:00Z2026-02-02T00:00:00ZSpaceX acquires xAISpaceX announced that it had acquired xAI in an all-stock transaction on February 2, 2026. Independent reporting valued the combined company at about $1.25 trillion, bringing xAI's Grok models and AI infrastructure into the aerospace company's corporate structure.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-01-25:events/openclaw-20262026-01-25T00:00:00Z2026-01-25T00:00:00ZOpenClaw goes viral, creating the first mainstream personal AI agent phenomenonOpenClaw went viral in 2026 as the first mass-market personal AI agent phenomenon. How an open-source claw-shaped AI agent captured the public imagination and defined a new category.tag:epoch-arc.com,2026-01-09:events/grok-deepfake-crisis-20262026-01-09T00:00:00Z2026-01-09T00:00:00ZxAI's Grok generates explicit deepfakes, triggering multi-country bans and a safety backlashGrok generated explicit deepfake content in 2026, triggering bans across multiple countries. How xAI’s safety failures became a global crisis and sparked new regulations.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-11-25:events/figure-bmw-humanoid-20252025-11-25T00:00:00Z2025-11-25T00:00:00ZFigure 02 humanoid robot completes first real-world production deployment at BMWFigure 02 humanoid robot deployed at BMW factory in 2025 — the first production deployment of a general-purpose humanoid in manufacturing. How AI-powered robots entered the factory floor.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-10-28:events/openai-pbc-restructure-20252025-10-28T00:00:00Z2025-10-28T00:00:00ZOpenAI completes restructuring as a for-profit benefit corporation, ending years of governance uncertaintyOpenAI completed its PBC (Public Benefit Corporation) restructure in 2025 — ending years of governance uncertainty. How the restructuring shaped AI’s most influential company.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-09-29:events/california-sb53-20252025-09-29T00:00:00Z2025-09-29T00:00:00ZCalifornia signs SB 53, the first US state law mandating AI safety transparency and whistleblower protectionsCalifornia SB 53 (2025) — the first US state law requiring AI safety transparency and whistleblower protections. How California led US AI regulation at the state level.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-08-07:events/gpt5-20252025-08-07T00:00:00Z2025-08-07T00:00:00ZOpenAI releases GPT-5, unifying reasoning, multimodality, and task executionGPT-5 (2025) unified reasoning, multimodality, and task execution in a single model. How OpenAI’s latest flagship integrated thinking, seeing, and doing into one AI system.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-07-09:events/nvidia-4-trillion-20252025-07-09T00:00:00Z2025-07-09T00:00:00ZNvidia becomes the first company in history to reach $4 trillion market capitalizationNVIDIA reached $4 trillion market cap in 2025 — the first company in history to achieve this milestone. How AI infrastructure demand drove NVIDIA’s unprecedented valuation.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-07:events/gemini-deep-think-imo-gold-20252025-07T00:00:00Z2025-07T00:00:00ZGoogle DeepMind's Gemini Deep Think achieves gold medal at the International Mathematical OlympiadGemini Deep Think won a gold medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 2025. How Google’s reasoning AI achieved elite-level mathematical problem solving.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-05-20:events/google-ai-mode-search-20252025-05-20T00:00:00Z2025-05-20T00:00:00ZGoogle launches AI Mode in Search, the biggest change to how search works in 25 yearsGoogle launched AI Mode in Search in 2025 — the biggest change to how search works in 25 years. How AI-generated answers are transforming the web’s primary gateway.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-05-14:events/alphaevolve-20252025-05-14T00:00:00Z2025-05-14T00:00:00ZGoogle DeepMind introduces AlphaEvolve for algorithm discoveryGoogle DeepMind introduced AlphaEvolve, a Gemini-powered coding agent that combines program generation, automated evaluation, and evolutionary search to optimize algorithms.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-05:events/anthropic-asl3-20252025-05T00:00:00Z2025-05T00:00:00ZAnthropic activates ASL-3 safeguards, creating the first operational AI safety framework tied to capability thresholdsAnthropic activated ASL-3 safety protocol in 2025 — the first operational AI safety framework tied to capability thresholds. How frontier labs are building structured safety responses.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-04:events/llama-4-20252025-04T00:00:00Z2025-04T00:00:00ZMeta releases Llama 4, the first natively multimodal open-weight model familyLlama 4 (2025) was Meta’s first natively multimodal open-weight model family. How Meta pushed open-source AI into the multimodal era with vision-language capabilities.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-03-27:events/gpt-image-20252025-03-27T00:00:00Z2025-03-27T00:00:00ZOpenAI launches native image generation in ChatGPT, igniting a cultural phenomenonOpenAI launched native image generation in ChatGPT in 2025 — sparking a cultural phenomenon of AI-generated images. How GPT-4o’s image capabilities changed visual creativity.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-03-12:events/gemini-robotics-20252025-03-12T00:00:00Z2025-03-12T00:00:00ZGoogle DeepMind launches Gemini Robotics for physical-world controlGoogle DeepMind introduced Gemini Robotics and Gemini Robotics-ER, extending Gemini 2.0 with vision-language-action control and embodied spatial reasoning for robots.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-02-24:events/claude-code-launch-20252025-02-24T00:00:00Z2025-02-24T00:00:00ZClaude Code launches, becoming the first widely adopted production coding agentClaude Code (2025) became the first widely adopted production-grade coding agent. How AI evolved from code assistant to autonomous programmer that plans, codes, and fixes bugs.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-02-14:events/suchir-balaji-20252025-02-14T00:00:00Z2025-02-14T00:00:00ZOpenAI whistleblower Suchir Balaji's death is ruled a suicide, spotlighting AI safety cultureSuchir Balaji, an OpenAI whistleblower, was found dead in 2025 — ruled a suicide. The tragedy that sparked debate about AI safety culture and whistleblower protections in tech.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-02-02:events/eu-ai-act-enforcement-20252025-02-02T00:00:00Z2025-02-02T00:00:00ZEU AI Act takes effect, beginning the world's first comprehensive AI regulation enforcementThe EU AI Act took effect in 2025 — the world’s first comprehensive AI law entered enforcement. How Europe’s risk-based regulation reshaped how AI is built and deployed globally.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-02-02:events/vibecoding-20252025-02-02T00:00:00Z2025-02-02T00:00:00Z'Vibe coding' is coined, capturing a new paradigm of AI-assisted programming‘Vibe coding’ — coined by Andrej Karpathy in 2025 — captured the new paradigm where AI does the coding and humans guide with natural language. The term that defined a shift.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-01-23:events/openai-operator-20252025-01-23T00:00:00Z2025-01-23T00:00:00ZOpenAI launches Operator, the first AI agent that can browse the web autonomouslyOpenAI Operator (2025) was the first AI agent that could autonomously browse the web and complete tasks. How agentic AI moved from chatbots to action-taking digital assistants.tag:epoch-arc.com,2025-01-20:events/deepseek-r1-20252025-01-20T00:00:00Z2025-01-20T00:00:00ZDeepSeek releases R1, an open-source reasoning model that shocks global marketsDeepSeek R1: an open-source reasoning model matching OpenAI’s best at a fraction of the cost. How a Chinese AI lab shocked global markets in 2025.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-12-11:events/gemini-2-agents-20242024-12-11T00:00:00Z2024-12-11T00:00:00ZGoogle launches Gemini 2.0 with Project Mariner, unveiling a vision for AI agentsGoogle launched Gemini 2.0 with Project Mariner in December 2024 — an AI agent that could browse the web and control a browser. Google’s vision for AI agents.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-11-25:events/mcp-protocol-20242024-11-25T00:00:00Z2024-11-25T00:00:00ZAnthropic introduces the Model Context Protocol (MCP), an open standard connecting AI to real-world toolsMCP (Model Context Protocol) by Anthropic — an open standard connecting AI models to real-world tools and data. How a protocol could unify AI tool integration.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-10-09:events/alphafold-nobel-20242024-10-09T00:00:00Z2024-10-09T00:00:00ZAlphaFold developers win Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the first Nobel awarded for AI-driven scientific discoveryAlphaFold developers won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry — the first Nobel awarded for AI-driven scientific discovery. How AI transformed biology and earned science’s highest honor.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-09-12:events/o1-20242024-09-12T00:00:00Z2024-09-12T00:00:00ZOpenAI releases o1, the first reasoning model that 'thinks before it answers'OpenAI o1 (September 2024) was the first reasoning model that ‘thought before answering.’ How inference-time compute improved AIME math scores from 13% to 83%.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-07-23:events/llama-3.1-405b-20242024-07-23T00:00:00Z2024-07-23T00:00:00ZMeta releases Llama 3.1 405B, the first frontier-level open-source AI modelLlama 3.1 405B (July 2024) was the first open-weight AI model to reach frontier capabilities. Meta proved open models could match proprietary systems at scale.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-06-24:events/suno-udio-lawsuit-20242024-06-24T00:00:00Z2024-06-24T00:00:00ZMajor record labels sue AI music generators Suno and Udio for copyright infringementMajor record labels sued AI music generators Suno and Udio in 2024 for copyright infringement. The legal battle that could decide the future of AI-generated music.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-06-20:events/claude-3-5-sonnet-20242024-06-20T00:00:00Z2024-06-20T00:00:00ZAnthropic releases Claude 3.5 Sonnet, setting a new standard for coding AIClaude 3.5 Sonnet (June 2024) set a new standard for AI coding capabilities. Anthropic’s model became the developer favorite for programming tasks. Timeline and impact.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-06-18:events/nvidia-most-valuable-20242024-06-18T00:00:00Z2024-06-18T00:00:00ZNVIDIA becomes the world's most valuable company, a symbolic peak of AI-driven market dominanceNVIDIA became the world’s most valuable company in June 2024 — a symbolic milestone of AI-driven market dominance. Timeline of NVIDIA’s rise to the top.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-06-10:events/apple-intelligence-20242024-06-10T00:00:00Z2024-06-10T00:00:00ZApple announces Apple Intelligence at WWDC, bringing on-device AI to over a billion devicesApple Intelligence announced at WWDC 2024 — bringing on-device AI to a billion devices. How Apple entered the AI race with privacy-focused, integrated AI capabilities.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-05-20:events/scarlett-johansson-openai-20242024-05-20T00:00:00Z2024-05-20T00:00:00ZScarlett Johansson challenges OpenAI over voice that sounds 'eerily similar' to hersScarlett Johansson challenged OpenAI in May 2024 over a ChatGPT voice that sounded ‘eerily similar’ to hers. The controversy over AI voice cloning and celebrity likeness rights.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-05-13:events/gpt4o-20242024-05-13T00:00:00Z2024-05-13T00:00:00ZOpenAI releases GPT-4o, bringing real-time voice conversation to everyoneGPT-4o (May 2024) made real-time voice conversations with AI available to everyone. OpenAI’s omnimodal model combined text, vision, and audio in one neural network.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-03-13:events/eu-ai-act-20242024-03-13T00:00:00Z2024-03-13T00:00:00ZEU approves the world's first comprehensive AI lawThe EU AI Act became law in 2024 — the world’s first comprehensive AI regulation. How Europe’s risk-based framework set global standards for AI governance.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-02-15:events/gemini-1.5-pro-20242024-02-15T00:00:00Z2024-02-15T00:00:00ZGoogle releases Gemini 1.5 Pro with a million-token context windowGemini 1.5 Pro (February 2024) introduced a 1 million token context window. Google’s most capable model could process entire books and codebases at once.tag:epoch-arc.com,2024-02-15:events/sora-20242024-02-15T00:00:00Z2024-02-15T00:00:00ZOpenAI previews Sora, the first text-to-video model that looked like it was workingSora: OpenAI’s February 2024 text-to-video model that stunned the world with realistic AI-generated videos. Timeline of how video generation entered the mainstream.tag:epoch-arc.com,2023-11-17:events/sam-altman-ouster-20232023-11-17T00:00:00Z2023-11-17T00:00:00ZSam Altman fired and rehired in four days — the defining corporate governance crisis of the AI eraSam Altman fired and rehired in 4 days (November 2023) — the defining corporate drama of the AI era. How a boardroom battle nearly collapsed OpenAI and changed AI governance.tag:epoch-arc.com,2023-11-06:events/openai-devday-20232023-11-06T00:00:00Z2023-11-06T00:00:00ZOpenAI holds first DevDay, unveiling GPT-4 Turbo, custom GPTs, and a platform strategyOpenAI DevDay (November 2023) unveiled GPT-4 Turbo, custom GPTs, and the GPT Store. How one event reshaped the AI developer ecosystem and set OpenAI’s product direction.tag:epoch-arc.com,2023-03-30:events/auto-gpt-20232023-03-30T00:00:00Z2023-03-30T00:00:00ZAuto-GPT goes viral, bringing autonomous AI agents to mainstream developersAuto-GPT (March 2023) was the first autonomous AI agent to go viral. An open-source experiment that could set its own goals and execute tasks — sparking the AI agents movement.tag:epoch-arc.com,2023-03-14:events/gpt4-20232023-03-14T00:00:00Z2023-03-14T00:00:00ZOpenAI releases GPT-4, the first multimodal large language modelGPT-4 release date: March 14, 2023. OpenAI’s first multimodal LLM scored top 10% on the bar exam and set a new AI capability baseline.tag:epoch-arc.com,2023-02-24:events/llama-20232023-02-24T00:00:00Z2023-02-24T00:00:00ZMeta releases LLaMA, triggering the open-weight LLM revolutionMeta’s LLaMA (February 2023) was a set of open-weight foundation models that sparked the open-source LLM revolution. How leaked weights democratized access to large language models.tag:epoch-arc.com,2023-02-07:events/bing-chat-sydney-20232023-02-07T00:00:00Z2023-02-07T00:00:00ZMicrosoft launches AI-powered Bing and the 'Sydney' chatbot captivates the worldMicrosoft launched AI-powered Bing with the ‘Sydney’ chatbot in February 2023. How GPT-4-powered search threatened Google’s dominance and captivated the internet.tag:epoch-arc.com,2022-11-30:events/chatgpt-20222022-11-30T00:00:00Z2022-11-30T00:00:00ZOpenAI launches ChatGPT, reaching 100 million users in two monthsWhen did ChatGPT launch? Released November 30, 2022, it reached 100 million users in 60 days — the fastest-growing app in history. Timeline, impact, and key milestones.tag:epoch-arc.com,2022-09:events/character-ai-20222022-09T00:00:00Z2022-09T00:00:00ZCharacter.AI launches and pioneers the AI companion phenomenonCharacter.AI launched in 2022 — the platform that let you chat with anyone, real or fictional. How AI companions became a phenomenon and sparked debates about AI relationships.tag:epoch-arc.com,2022-08-22:events/stable-diffusion-20222022-08-22T00:00:00Z2022-08-22T00:00:00ZStable Diffusion open-sources text-to-image generation to the publicStable Diffusion: the open-source AI image generator released in August 2022 that democratized text-to-image. How a free model changed the AI art landscape forever.tag:epoch-arc.com,2022-06-21:events/github-copilot-20222022-06-21T00:00:00Z2022-06-21T00:00:00ZGitHub Copilot launches generally, putting AI pair programming in every major IDEGitHub Copilot launched in June 2022, putting AI pair programming in every developer’s IDE. How OpenAI Codex changed software development and the meaning of coding.tag:epoch-arc.com,2022-04-06:events/dall-e-2-20222022-04-06T00:00:00Z2022-04-06T00:00:00ZOpenAI releases DALL-E 2 and brings AI-generated images to the mainstreamDALL-E 2 launch: OpenAI’s April 2022 image generator that brought AI art to the mainstream. How text-to-image changed creativity, copyright, and the internet.tag:epoch-arc.com,2021-04-21:events/eu-ai-act-proposal-20212021-04-21T00:00:00Z2021-04-21T00:00:00ZEuropean Commission proposes the first comprehensive AI regulation frameworkThe EU AI Act proposal (April 2021) — the world’s first comprehensive AI regulation. How Europe proposed a risk-based framework for governing AI that reshaped global tech policy.tag:epoch-arc.com,2021-01-05:events/dall-e-20212021-01-05T00:00:00Z2021-01-05T00:00:00ZOpenAI unveils DALL-E, demonstrating text-to-image generation for the first timeDALL-E (January 2021): OpenAI’s 12-billion-parameter model that could generate images from text descriptions. The first glimpse of AI’s creative potential in visual art.tag:epoch-arc.com,2020-11-30:events/alphafold-20202020-11-30T00:00:00Z2020-11-30T00:00:00ZDeepMind's AlphaFold solves protein folding — a 50-year grand challenge in biologyAlphaFold: DeepMind solved the 50-year protein folding challenge in 2020. How AI predicted protein structures with atomic accuracy, transforming biology and medicine.tag:epoch-arc.com,2020-06-11:events/gpt3-20202020-06-11T00:00:00Z2020-06-11T00:00:00ZOpenAI releases GPT-3, demonstrating that scaling language models unlocks emergent capabilitiesGPT-3 (175 billion parameters) showed scaling unlocks emergent AI capabilities. How OpenAI’s 2020 paper validated the scaling hypothesis and changed AI.tag:epoch-arc.com,2019-02-14:events/gpt-2-safety-20192019-02-14T00:00:00Z2019-02-14T00:00:00ZOpenAI says GPT-2 is 'too dangerous to release' — the first mainstream AI safety debate goes globalOpenAI said GPT-2 was “too dangerous to release” in 2019 — the first mainstream AI safety debate. How a language model sparked global conversation about responsible AI.tag:epoch-arc.com,2018-10-11:events/bert-20182018-10-11T00:00:00Z2018-10-11T00:00:00ZGoogle releases BERT and transforms NLP with bidirectional pre-trainingBERT: Google’s 2018 breakthrough that revolutionized NLP with bidirectional pre-training. How BERT achieved SOTA on 11 benchmarks and became the foundation of modern language AI.tag:epoch-arc.com,2017-12:events/transformer-20172017-12T00:00:00Z2017-12T00:00:00Z"Attention Is All You Need" — the Transformer architecture is bornAttention Is All You Need: the 2017 paper that introduced the Transformer. Cited 250K+ times, it founded GPT, BERT, AlphaFold, and all modern AI.tag:epoch-arc.com,2016-03-23:events/microsoft-tay-20162016-03-23T00:00:00Z2016-03-23T00:00:00ZMicrosoft's Tay chatbot becomes racist in 16 hours — the first viral AI safety meltdownMicrosoft Tay (2016) became racist in 16 hours — the first viral AI safety incident. How a chatbot revealed the dangers of learning from unfiltered public data.tag:epoch-arc.com,2016-03-15:events/alphago-20162016-03-15T00:00:00Z2016-03-15T00:00:00ZAlphaGo defeats Lee Sedol, a milestone once believed decades awayAlphaGo vs Lee Sedol: DeepMind’s AI defeated a Go world champion years before experts predicted. The 200 million viewer match that changed AI perception.tag:epoch-arc.com,2015-12-10:events/resnet-20152015-12-10T00:00:00Z2015-12-10T00:00:00ZResNet wins ImageNet — residual connections enable ultra-deep networksResNet (2015) won ImageNet with residual connections that enabled 152-layer networks. How skip connections solved the degradation problem and enabled deep learning at scale.tag:epoch-arc.com,2015-11-09:events/tensorflow-20152015-11-09T00:00:00Z2015-11-09T00:00:00ZGoogle open-sources TensorFlow — deep learning becomes accessibleTensorFlow (2015): Google open-sourced the deep learning framework that became the industry standard. How open-sourcing AI infrastructure accelerated research and adoption worldwide.tag:epoch-arc.com,2014-09-01:events/attention-20142014-09-01T00:00:00Z2014-09-01T00:00:00ZAttention mechanism proposed — the foundation of modern AI architecturesThe attention mechanism (2014) — Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio’s breakthrough that enabled Transformer and all modern AI. How a simple idea changed machine translation forever.tag:epoch-arc.com,2014-06:events/gan-20142014-06T00:00:00Z2014-06T00:00:00ZIan Goodfellow invents Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)GANs (2014): Ian Goodfellow’s Generative Adversarial Networks that pitted two neural networks against each other. How adversarial training changed AI’s ability to generate realistic data.tag:epoch-arc.com,2014-01-27:events/google-deepmind-20142014-01-27T00:00:00Z2014-01-27T00:00:00ZGoogle acquires DeepMind and ignites the AI talent raceGoogle acquires DeepMind in 2014 for £400M — the deal that started the AI talent race. How one acquisition concentrated world-leading AI talent inside a single company.tag:epoch-arc.com,2013-12-19:events/dqn-atari-20132013-12-19T00:00:00Z2013-12-19T00:00:00ZDeepMind shows DQN playing Atari games from raw pixels — deep reinforcement learning's first breakthroughDeepMind’s DQN (2013) played Atari games from raw pixels using deep reinforcement learning. The first time AI learned to play games the way humans do — just from seeing the screen.tag:epoch-arc.com,2012-09-30:events/alexnet-20122012-09-30T00:00:00Z2012-09-30T00:00:00ZAlexNet wins ImageNet and ignites the deep learning revolutionAlexNet wins ImageNet 2012 — the breakthrough that sparked the deep learning revolution. How Krizhevsky, Sutskever, and Hinton’s convolutional network changed AI forever.tag:epoch-arc.com,2011-10-04:events/siri-20112011-10-04T00:00:00Z2011-10-04T00:00:00ZSiri launches on iPhone 4S — millions of ordinary people meet AI for the first timeSiri launched on iPhone 4S in 2011 — the first time millions of ordinary people used conversational AI. How Apple brought AI assistants into everyday life.tag:epoch-arc.com,2011-02-16:events/watson-jeopardy-20112011-02-16T00:00:00Z2011-02-16T00:00:00ZIBM Watson defeats human champions on Jeopardy!IBM Watson defeats Jeopardy! champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in 2011. How a question-answering AI system proved machines could understand natural language.tag:epoch-arc.com,1997-05-11:events/deep-blue-19971997-05-11T00:00:00Z1997-05-11T00:00:00ZIBM Deep Blue defeats world chess champion Garry KasparovDeep Blue vs Kasparov 1997: IBM’s supercomputer defeated the world chess champion in a match that proved machines could outthink humans. A landmark in AI history.tag:epoch-arc.com,1987-10:events/ai-winter-19871987-10T00:00:00Z1987-10T00:00:00ZSecond AI Winter — expert systems market collapsesThe Second AI Winter (1987) — the expert systems market collapsed after a decade of hype. Learn what caused the crash, how it reshaped AI research, and the lessons for today.tag:epoch-arc.com,1966-01:events/eliza-19661966-01T00:00:00Z1966-01T00:00:00ZJoseph Weizenbaum creates ELIZA, the first conversational agent in historyELIZA (1966): Joseph Weizenbaum’s chatbot that simulated a psychotherapist. The first conversational AI — people formed emotional attachments to it. Timeline and legacy.tag:epoch-arc.com,1958-07:events/perceptron-19581958-07T00:00:00Z1958-07T00:00:00ZFrank Rosenblatt demonstrates the Perceptron, the first artificial neural network that learnsFrank Rosenblatt’s Perceptron (1958) — the first artificial neural network that could learn. Learn how it worked, why it caused excitement, and how it led to today’s deep learning.tag:epoch-arc.com,1956-07:events/dartmouth-19561956-07T00:00:00Z1956-07T00:00:00ZDartmouth Summer Research Project: Artificial Intelligence is formally foundedThe 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project where John McCarthy coined ‘Artificial Intelligence.’ The eight-week workshop that birthed AI as a field. Full history and legacy.tag:epoch-arc.com,1950-10:events/turing-test-19501950-10T00:00:00Z1950-10T00:00:00ZAlan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", proposing what becomes the Turing TestAlan Turing’s 1950 paper proposed the Imitation Game — the first test for machine intelligence. How a simple question started the field of AI.